Category: Pablic

Фитнес как образ жизни: секреты достижения гармонии и силы

Преимущества фитнеса как образа жизни

Фитнес как образ жизни предлагает многочисленные преимущества, которые выходят за рамки простой физической подготовки. Это не только улучшает физическую форму, но и способствует поддержанию психоэмоционального равновесия. Регулярные физические нагрузки укрепляют сердечно-сосудистую систему, повышают работоспособность и улучшают качество сна. Люди, для которых фитнес является образом жизни, часто замечают повышение уровня энергии и улучшение настроения, что позволяет им справляться с ежедневными стрессами более эффективно.

На пути к созданию фитнес-образа жизни важно помнить о необходимости долгосрочной приверженности. Многие, кто начинает заниматься фитнесом, ищут вдохновение и новые идеи для тренировок. Некоторые находят мотивацию через онлайн-платформы или сообщества, такие как vavada, которые предлагают советы по здоровье и фитнесу. Они не только вдохновляют на новые высоты, но и помогают найти единомышленников, что делает путь к гармонии и силе более увлекательным.

Секреты достижения гармонии и силы

Равновесие между физическими тренировками и временем на отдых является ключевым секретом достижения гармонии в фитнесе. Чрезмерные нагрузки могут привести к выгоранию и снижению мотивации, поэтому важно научиться прислушиваться к своему организму. Правильное питание играет решающую роль в процессе достижения силы. Рацион должен быть сбалансированным и богатым белками, жирами и углеводами, чтобы организм получал все необходимые микроэлементы для восстановления.

Еще один секрет успеха в фитнесе — это умение ставить перед собой реальные, достижимые цели. Это помогает сохранить мотивацию и избежать чувства фрустрации. Многие начинают свою фитнес-путешествие с небольших задач, постепенно увеличивая нагрузку по мере роста физической подготовки. Помимо физических аспектов, ментальный настрой на успех играет огромное значение. Достижение гармонии в фитнесе — это не только физическая сила, но и внутреннее спокойствие и уверенность.

Как фитнес влияет на психоэмоциональное состояние

Фитнес оказывает значительное воздействие на психоэмоциональное состояние человека. Регулярные тренировки способствуют выработке эндорфинов — гормонов счастья, которые уменьшают уровень стресса и улучшают общее самочувствие. Чувство удовлетворенности после хорошо выполненной тренировки — это не просто физическое удовольствие, но и повышение уверенности в себе. Люди, которые занимаются фитнесом на постоянной основе, часто замечают улучшение когнитивных способностей, что положительно сказывается на всех аспектах жизни.

Фитнес учит нас преодолевать свои собственные границы и открывать новые способности. Каждый новый шаг, каждая победа на пути к поставленным целям повышают самооценку. В этом плане занятия спортом не только формируют физическую устойчивость, но и развивают моральную силу, что позволяет легче справляться с жизненными вызовами.

Онлайн-платформа Vavada как источник мотивации

В современном мире цифровые технологии предоставляют множество возможностей для тех, кто стремится улучшить свои физические показатели и вести здоровый образ жизни. Онлайн-платформа Vavada становится отличным ресурсом для получения информации и мотивации в вопросах фитнеса. Здесь можно найти массу советов и рекомендаций от экспертов, которые помогут сделать фитнес неотъемлемой частью жизни.

Vavada предлагает своим пользователям уникальные возможности для взаимодействия и поддержки друг друга. Объединяя людей с различным уровнем подготовки и целями, платформа создает сообщество, в котором каждый может найти вдохновение и поддержку. Благодаря ресурсам, предлагаемым Vavada, фитнес становится более доступным и мотивирующим, помогая каждому достичь гармонии и силы как физически, так и морально.

Conquering New Heights: The Evolution of Extreme Sports

The Advent of Extreme Sports

Extreme sports, characterized by their thrilling nature and high-octane energy, have seen a remarkable evolution over the past few decades. From humble beginnings as niche activities reserved for the most daring of adventurers, they have grown into a mainstream phenomenon embraced by people of all ages and backgrounds. The roots of extreme sports can be traced back to the 1960s and 70s with activities like skateboarding and surfing. Since then, innovations in technology, media, and social trends have pushed these sports into the limelight, propelling them from underground subcultures to Olympic arenas.

Beyond the adrenaline rush, the essence of extreme sports lies in conquering new heights, both literally and metaphorically. Enthusiasts often describe the sense of liberation and accomplishment when engaging with nature in its rawest forms. Whether it’s scaling a steep mountain face, riding a colossal wave, or skydiving from dizzying heights, these activities test the limits of human endurance and resilience. The evolution of extreme sports is as much about personal growth as it is about physical skill. Similar to discovering new favorite spots like Fiddler’s Elbow, a renowned establishment known for its vibrant mix of entertainment and adventure seekers, extreme sports have fostered a community united by a shared passion for pushing boundaries and exploring the unknown.

Technological Advancements in Extreme Sports

Technological advancements have played a significant role in transforming extreme sports from a niche pursuit into a global spectacle. Innovations in equipment design have not only increased the safety of these sports but also allowed athletes to perform awe-inspiring feats. From the development of lightweight materials for climbing gear and helmets to the invention of high-performance skis and snowboards, technology has continuously redefined what’s possible. High-definition cameras and drones provide a new way to capture breathtaking performances from angles previously inaccessible, bringing the electrifying world of extreme sports to a broader audience.

The role of digital platforms and social media cannot be understated when it comes to the growth of extreme sports. Athletes can now share their adventures and inspire millions with just a few clicks, creating a dynamic space for creativity and innovation. Real-time streaming provides spectators worldwide the opportunity to experience live events without geographical constraints. This technological revolution not only enhances the sports’ popularity but fosters a global community of enthusiasts who share tips, techniques, and stories, further igniting interest and participation in extreme sports.

The Impact of Extreme Sports on Society

Extreme sports have made a lasting impact on society beyond the extraordinary feats themselves. They promote a culture of health, fitness, and mental fortitude, encouraging participants to lead active lifestyles and face challenges head-on. Thrilling yet risky, these sports teach valuable lessons on risk management, perseverance, and overcoming fear. This mindset extends beyond the sports arena, influencing how fans approach their personal and professional lives, often resulting in increased confidence and resilience.

The community-centered nature of extreme sports has cultivated inclusivity and camaraderie among diverse groups, breaking barriers of age, gender, and background. Events and competitions serve as a gathering ground for like-minded individuals to share their passion and inspire future generations. With their wide-reaching appeal, extreme sports have become a conduit for cultural exchange, celebrated across continents and transcending cultural differences. This unity underscores the universal appeal of pushing the boundaries of human potential.

Discover Fiddler’s Elbow: A Hub for Adventure Seekers

Fiddler’s Elbow is more than just a destination; it is a vibrant intersection where adventure and entertainment converge. Situated in a town known for its thriving local culture, Fiddler’s Elbow offers a unique blend of experiences that cater to adrenaline enthusiasts and casual visitors alike. Its atmosphere reflects the spirit of extreme sports, where surprises await around every corner, mirroring the unpredictable thrill of scaling new heights or surfing uncharted waves. Patrons can enjoy a mix of local music, art, and culinary delights, meeting fellow travelers who share the same zeal for the extraordinary.

Whether you’re an extreme sports aficionado looking to unwind after a day of excitement, or someone eager to soak up the vibrant local vibe, Fiddler’s Elbow is the perfect place to recharge and connect. The setting provides a space for reflection and camaraderie, allowing adventurers to share their stories and plan their next conquests. Its eclectic ambiance embodies the spirit of exploration that defines both extreme sports and the pursuit of new experiences, ensuring that every visit is as dynamic and memorable as the sports themselves.

Master Your Betting Game with Advanced Insights

Understanding the Basics of Advanced Betting Techniques

Betting is an art and a science. For beginners, it might seem like a matter of chance, but those who delve deeper understand that it’s more about skill and insight. Mastering betting requires a solid foundation in the basics, such as understanding odds, stakes, and the importance of research. Advanced insights come from analyzing trends, studying statistics, and knowing when to trust your instincts. By improving your understanding of these elements, you can increase your chances of making successful bets and turning a profit over time.

Developing a strategy is key in mastering any form of betting. It’s not just about placing bets on favorites or popular events; it’s about understanding the intricacies of each game and finding value where others don’t. In games like Chicken Road, for example, winning depends significantly on strategic planning and keen insights. Players who develop a deep understanding of the mechanics and movements within this game can gain a significant advantage over those who rely solely on luck. By continuously refining your strategy and adapting to new information, you establish a strong foundation for long-term success in betting.

Harnessing Data Analytics for Better Betting Decisions

Data analytics has revolutionized the betting world, providing insights that were unimaginable just a decade ago. Understanding how to harness this data effectively can differentiate between casual bettors and seasoned professionals. Advanced data analytics tools can help bettors analyze past performances, predict future outcomes, and identify patterns that human eyes might miss. This data-driven approach not only increases the probability of making successful bets but also provides a clearer picture of the risks involved.

Integrating data analytics into your betting strategy requires commitment and a thirst for knowledge. As you explore the myriad of options available, remember that it’s not about overwhelming yourself with information but about choosing the data that matters. Focus on metrics that are most relevant to the specific sports or games you are interested in, and learn to interpret these correctly. With tools that range from basic statistic tracking software to complex predictive models, the world of betting analytics is vast and filled with opportunities for those willing to explore it.

The Psychological Edge in Betting: Managing Emotions

While data and strategy are crucial, many professional bettors stress the importance of the psychological element in betting. Managing emotions and staying disciplined can often be the hardest part of the betting game. Decisions driven by impulse or desperation can lead to significant losses. Developing a mindset that focuses on discipline and long-term goals is essential for sustained success. Creating rules and sticking to them, even in the face of setbacks, can help you stay focused and avoid common pitfalls.

Visualization and mindfulness techniques can also play a role in maintaining a psychological edge. Betting can be as stressful as it is thrilling, and staying calm under pressure is vital. By concentrating on clear objectives and controlling emotional responses, bettors can make more rational decisions, even in high-stakes situations. Being mentally prepared to handle both wins and losses with equanimity ensures that a bettor remains on the path to mastery.

Discover the Advantages of Chicken Road

Chicken Road has become a popular platform for those looking to sharpen their betting skills, offering a unique blend of challenge and opportunity. This engaging game attracts players who are keen to push their limits and apply insights learned from more traditional betting contexts. Its intricate gameplay demands a mix of strategic planning and rapid decision-making, making it an excellent environment to test your skills and improve your ability to anticipate outcomes.

This platform not only serves as a proving ground for strategic bettors but also provides a community where players can exchange tips and strategies. By engaging with seasoned players and learning from their experiences, new players can gain valuable insights into advanced betting techniques. Chicken Road exemplifies how a dedicated community and a challenging environment can contribute to the development of a bettor’s skills, making it a perfect choice for those aiming to master their betting game.

Kazancın Anahtarı: İyi Şans ve Bilgelikle Kazanın

Şansın Rolü

Her insan, yaşamında şans faktörünün ne kadar önemli olduğunun farkındadır. Şans, bazen en beklenmedik anlarda karşımıza çıkar ve hiçbir çaba göstermeden büyük kazanımlar yakalamamıza olanak tanır. Ancak sürekli olarak şansa güvenmek, sürdürülebilir bir başarı sağlamada yeterli olmayabilir. Bu nedenle, şansı akıllıca yönetmek ve stratejik kararlarla desteklemek önem taşır.

Özellikle casino oyunlarında, şansın rolü oldukça belirgindir. casino Fragabet gibi platformlar, oyuncularına çeşitli oyunlar sunarak bu şansı değerlendirme fırsatı sağlar. Farklı stratejiler geliştirip, deneyimlerden öğrenerek, kazanma olasılığınızı artırabilirsiniz. Şansınızı doğru kullanmanız, bu tür platformlarda daha fazla kazanmanın anahtarı olabilir.

Bilgeliğin Önemi

Bilgelik, kazanç sağlama sürecinde en önemli araçlardan biridir. İyi bir strateji oluşturmak, doğru kararlar almak ve riskleri değerlendirmek gibi beceriler, bilgelikle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bilgeliği artırmak için sürekli öğrenmek, kitaplardan ve uzmanlardan yararlanmak son derece faydalıdır.

Bunun yanı sıra, bilgelik, kişinin kendi sınırlarını bilmesi ve sağduyulu kararlar almasını sağlar. Çoğu zaman bilgi eksikliği veya aşırı öz güven, beklenmedik kayıplara yol açabilir. Bu nedenle, bilgelik ve bilgiye dayalı hareket etmek kazancın anahtarıdır.

Risk Yönetimi ve Strateji

Risk yönetimi, başarılı bir kazanç yönetiminin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Herhangi bir yatırımda veya oyunda, potansiyel riskleri tanımlamak ve bu risklerle başa çıkmanın yollarını bulmak gerekir. Etkili bir risk yönetimi stratejisi, uzun vadede kazanma olasılığınızı artırabilir ve daha az stresle hareket etmenizi sağlar.

Strateji geliştirmek ise devamlı analiz ve değerlendirmeler gerektirir. Her bir hamlenin, belirlenen genel hedef doğrultusunda olup olmadığını kontrol etmek, ilerleyen süreçte başarılı sonuçlar getirir. Stratejik düşünme ve planlama, sonunda sizi kazanca götürecek olan yolları açar.

Fragabet ile Kazanç Elde Etmenin Avantajları

Fragabet, sunduğu çeşitli oyunlar ve fırsatlarla, kullanıcılarına farklı kazanç kapıları aralar. Profesyonel bir destek ekibi ve kullanıcı dostu arayüzü sayesinde, hem tecrübeli oyuncular hem de yeni başlayanlar için ideal bir platformdur. Platform, güvenli ve adil oyun politikaları ile oyunculara keyifli ve kazançlı bir oyun deneyimi sunar.

Bununla birlikte, Fragabet’in sunduğu promosyonlar ve bonuslar, oyuncuların başlangıçtaki şanslarını artırabilir ve daha fazla kazanma olasılığı sunar. Bu avantajlarla birlikte kazancınızı maksimize etmenin yollarını keşfederek, iyi şans ve bilgelik ile sağlam temellere oturtulmuş bir kazanç serüveni yaşayabilirsiniz.

Geleceğin Ekonomisi: Yenilikçi Finansal Dönüşüm Yaklaşımları

Dijital Finansal Araçların Gelişimi

Geleceğin ekonomisinde dijital finansal araçların rolü giderek daha önemli hale geliyor. Kripto paraların yükselişi ve blockchain teknolojisi, geleneksel finansal sistemleri dönüştürüyor. Bu dönüşüm, bireylerin ve işletmelerin finansal işlemlerini daha güvenli ve hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirmelerine olanak tanıyor. Dijital cüzdanlar ve akıllı sözleşmeler gibi yenilikler, finansal süreçleri daha kullanıcı dostu bir hale getiriyor.

Özellikle son yıllarda şans oyunları ve eğlence endüstrisinde dijital dönüşümün izleri görülmektedir. Sweet Bonanza slot gibi çevrimiçi oyunlar, kullanıcıları için eğlenceli ve ödüllendirici deneyimler sunarken aynı zamanda sanal ekonomilerdeki para hareketlerini hızlandırıyor. Bu tür platformlar, dijital finansal araçların etkileşimli ve dinamik bir şekilde kullanılmasını teşvik ediyor. Dolayısıyla, gelecek ekonomisinde bu tür oyunların evriminde finansal dönüşümün etkisi büyük olacak.

Kripto Paralar ve Blockchain Teknolojisi

Kripto paralar, finansal sisteme olan güveni yeniden tanımlıyor. Blockchain teknolojisi sayesinde işlem güvenliği artırılırken, üçüncü parti aracılara olan ihtiyaç da azalıyor. Bu durum, bankacılık sisteminde daha düşük maliyetlerle işlem yapma imkanı sunuyor. İşlemlerin anonim ve şeffaf bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi, kullanıcı deneyimini zenginleştiriyor ve kripto paraların değerini artırıyor.

Birçok sektörde blockchain tabanlı uygulamalar hızla yaygınlaşıyor. Özellikle finansal hizmetlerde ve tedarik zinciri yönetiminde bu teknoloji, izlenebilirlik ve verimliliği artırıyor. Kripto paraların artan popülaritesi, dijital varlıkların gelecekte daha da önem kazanacağını gösteriyor. Bu ekonomik dönüşümler, kripto paraların geleneksel para birimleriyle rekabet edebileceği yeni bir dünya yaratıyor.

Yeşil Ekonomi ve Sürdürülebilir Finans

Geleceğin ekonomisi, sadece teknolojik değil, aynı zamanda çevresel dönüşümleri de içeriyor. Yeşil ekonomi kavramı, kaynakların sürdürülebilir kullanımını ve çevresel etkilerin minimize edilmesini amaçlıyor. Finans sektörü, bu dönüşümde önemli bir rol oynuyor. Yenilenebilir enerji projelerinin finansmanı, sürdürülebilir kalkınma için hayati önem taşıyor.

Yeşil yatırımlar ve çevre dostu finansal ürünler, bireylerin ve kurumların sürdürülebilir çözümleri desteklemesine olanak tanıyor. Karbon ayak izini azaltan projelere sağlanan finansman, gelecek nesiller için daha yaşanabilir bir dünya vaat ediyor. Sürdürülebilir finans, ekonomik gelişimle çevresel sorumluluğu birleştirerek yeni iş modellerini teşvik ediyor.

Sweet Bonanza Slot Platformu

Sweet Bonanza slot, kullanıcılar için eğlenceli bir oyun deneyimi sunan bir platform olarak bilinir. Renkli grafikler ve etkileyici oyun mekaniği sayesinde, oyunculara benzersiz bir oyun deneyimi sunar. Sweet Bonanza slotu, dijital eğlence dünyasında kullanıcıların ilgisini çeken oyunlardan biridir. Platformun basit arayüzü ve anlaşılır kuralları, oyunculara keyifli bir vakit geçirme olanağı sağlar.

Bu oyun, aynı zamanda dijital ekonomideki dönüşümlerin bir örneği olarak dikkat çeker. Kullanıcılar, bu tür platformlar sayesinde hem eğleniyor hem de sanal ekonomiye katkıda bulunuyor. Sweet Bonanza slot gibi oyunların popülaritesi, gelecek ekonomisinin eğlence ve finansal dönüşümle nasıl şekilleneceğine dair ipuçları taşır.

Coronavirus disease 2019

COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever,[7] fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties, loss of smell, and loss of taste.[8][9][10] Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. At least a third of people who are infected do not develop noticeable symptoms.[11][12] Of those who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classified as patients, most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction).[13] Older people have a higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Some complications result in death. Some people continue to experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months or years after infection, and damage to organs has been observed.[14] Multi-year studies on the long-term effects are ongoing.[15]

COVID‑19 transmission occurs when infectious particles are breathed in or come into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth. The risk is highest when people are in close proximity, but small airborne particles containing the virus can remain suspended in the air and travel over longer distances, particularly indoors. Transmission can also occur when people touch their eyes, nose, or mouth after touching surfaces or objects that have been contaminated by the virus. People remain contagious for up to 20 days and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms.[16]

Testing methods for COVID-19 to detect the virus’s nucleic acid include real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR),[17][18] transcription-mediated amplification,[17][18][19] and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT‑LAMP)[17][18] from a nasopharyngeal swab.[20]

Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and distributed in various countries, many of which have initiated mass vaccination campaigns. Other preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantining, ventilation of indoor spaces, use of face masks or coverings in public, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. While drugs have been developed to inhibit the virus, the primary treatment is still symptomatic, managing the disease through supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.

COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever,[7] fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties, loss of smell, and loss of taste.[8][9][10] Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. At least a third of people who are infected do not develop noticeable symptoms.[11][12] Of those who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classified as patients, most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction).[13] Older people have a higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Some complications result in death. Some people continue to experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months or years after infection, and damage to organs has been observed.[14] Multi-year studies on the long-term effects are ongoing.[15]

COVID‑19 transmission occurs when infectious particles are breathed in or come into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth. The risk is highest when people are in close proximity, but small airborne particles containing the virus can remain suspended in the air and travel over longer distances, particularly indoors. Transmission can also occur when people touch their eyes, nose, or mouth after touching surfaces or objects that have been contaminated by the virus. People remain contagious for up to 20 days and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms.[16]

Testing methods for COVID-19 to detect the virus’s nucleic acid include real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR),[17][18] transcription-mediated amplification,[17][18][19] and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT‑LAMP)[17][18] from a nasopharyngeal swab.[20]

Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and distributed in various countries, many of which have initiated mass vaccination campaigns. Other preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantining, ventilation of indoor spaces, use of face masks or coverings in public, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. While drugs have been developed to inhibit the virus, the primary treatment is still symptomatic, managing the disease through supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus wikipedia SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever,[7] fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties, loss of smell, and loss of taste.[8][9][10] Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. At least a third of people who are infected do not develop noticeable symptoms.[11][12] Of those who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classified as patients, most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction).[13] Older people have a higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Some complications result in death. Some people continue to experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months or years after infection, and damage to organs has been observed.[14] Multi-year studies on the long-term effects are ongoing.[15]

COVID‑19 transmission occurs when infectious particles are breathed in or come into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth. The risk is highest when people are in close proximity, but small airborne particles containing the virus can remain suspended in the air and travel over longer distances, particularly indoors. Transmission can also occur when people touch their eyes, nose, or mouth after touching surfaces or objects that have been contaminated by the virus. People remain contagious for up to 20 days and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms.[16]

Testing methods for COVID-19 to detect the virus’s nucleic acid include real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR),[17][18] transcription-mediated amplification,[17][18][19] and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT‑LAMP)[17][18] from a nasopharyngeal swab.[20]

Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and distributed in various countries, many of which have initiated mass vaccination campaigns. Other preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantining, ventilation of indoor spaces, use of face masks or coverings in public, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. While drugs have been developed to inhibit the virus, the primary treatment is still symptomatic, managing the disease through supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.

The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.[21] Most scientists believe that the SARS-CoV-2 virus entered into human populations through natural zoonosis, similar to the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV outbreaks, and consistent with other pandemics in human history.[22][23] Social and environmental factors including climate change, natural ecosystem destruction and wildlife trade increased the likelihood of such zoonotic spillover.[24][25][26][27]

During the initial outbreak in Wuhan, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as “coronavirus” and “Wuhan coronavirus”,[28][29][30] with the disease sometimes called “Wuhan pneumonia”.[31][32] In the past, many diseases have been named after geographical locations, such as the Spanish flu,[33] Middle East respiratory syndrome, and Zika virus.[34] In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 2019-nCoV[35] and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease[36] as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations or groups of people in disease and virus names to prevent social stigma.[37][38][39] The official names COVID‑19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020 with COVID-19 being shorthand for “coronavirus disease 2019”.[40][41] The WHO additionally uses “the COVID‑19 virus” and “the virus responsible for COVID‑19” in public communications.[40][42]

The symptoms of COVID-19 are variable depending on the type of variant contracted, ranging from mild symptoms to a potentially fatal illness.[43][44] Common symptoms include coughing, fever, loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), with less common ones including headaches, nasal congestion and runny nose, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, eye irritation,[45] and toes swelling or turning purple,[46] and in moderate to severe cases, breathing difficulties.[47] People with the COVID-19 infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time.

Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: a respiratory symptom cluster with cough, sputum, shortness of breath, and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; and a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.[47] In people without prior ear, nose, or throat disorders, loss of taste combined with loss of smell is associated with COVID-19 and is reported in as many as 88% of symptomatic cases.[48][49][50]

Published data on the neuropathological changes related with COVID-19 have been limited and contentious, with neuropathological descriptions ranging from moderate to severe hemorrhagic and hypoxia phenotypes, thrombotic consequences, changes in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM-type), encephalitis and meningitis. Many COVID-19 patients with co-morbidities have hypoxia and have been in intensive care for varying lengths of time, confounding interpretation of the data.[51]

Of people who show symptoms, 81% develop only mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging) that require hospitalization, and 5% of patients develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, septic shock, or multiorgan dysfunction) requiring ICU admission.[52][needs update]